Wednesday, June 20, 2007

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The opposite

N eoliberalismu s is the Social Democrats. Kurt Beck said in a keynote 12,000-word essay in a full page of the FAZ from last Monday. If you listen to the speeches at the reunion event of the legal successor of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, is the opposite of neo-socialism. This provokes the question, what is the difference between social democracy and democratic socialism, which is found at least as empty words in the basic program of the SPD. And the good old Hans-Jochen Vogel (the one with the clear case) should his party. Lafontaine, Gysi, Bisky and "punished" because of his past as an East German SED District Secretary (O-tone in his welcoming speech the third session of the 10th Congress of the Party of Democratic Socialism - the Left) can not be accused of Hans Modrow, they have not said what they want. The joyful support of Chavez, Morales and the other "oppressed" of the South American continent, the Democratic control of the property and the nationalization and "municipalization" of all sectors of the economy end the chance of individual freedom last. In order to understand the intersections between Christian Socialists, Social Democrats and the Democratic Socialists better, it is probably easiest to describe, while they are together. Perhaps it can be seen, what they really want. And what this Sake produced.

So what is "neoliberalism" really?

In the thirties, when it was the cause of freedom probably not looking good, was the discussion between independent and liberal spirits violently if the previous "laissez-faire" - liberalism would be able, once again the collectivist dictatorships like the real world or the National Socialism to push back. Added to this was the realization that a completely free competition not due to different initial conditions leads to a desired ideal balance, but to distortion, dominant positions and cartels, which are able to their interests to prevail over others through.

The result: competition needs rules. The freedom of the weak, protect against the majority before the strong and the front of the potential monopolist. A Lexander Rüstow coined this idea of the guarantee of individual freedom, the concept of neoliberalism in the Colloque Walter Lippmann , in which many intellectuals from all over the world participated.

That same year Walter Eucken, professor in Nazi Germany, the manifesto of the later Ordoliberalismus: "The fundamentals of economics." The most urgent read command.

At a time in the future pillars of our democracy be done in the Mounted SA Service or the presumed acquisition of the academic year of the Nazi party to join, the associate professor published at the University of Freiburg under the Rector Martin Heidegger a new definition of economic and social systems, which forced the real existing socialism and Nazism as an ideology and glorify, the action of their economies on a par.

Both are to Eucken centrally planned economies, which imposes a centrally planned economic agents, how they should behave. It does not matter how the office is legitimate or what ideology they follow. Crucial is that the central force every individual needs to follow the plan even if he is not the interests of the citizen or individual undertaking.

A market economy requires, therefore, that citizens can freely dispose of their property. Only in this case it is possible to decide in a competition itself, sold at what price at which business partners a product or a service offered to be purchased or claimed to.

The hope that the second world war, Europe freed from the command economy was not fulfilled. On the contrary. Armored weapons to be turned end the triumph of Stalinism Half of Europe. A similar circuit as in 1939 gathered at the foot of Mont Pélerin discuss how the then appears possible "road to serfdom" (FA Hayek) could be averted. Named after the mountain think-tank was born. For the reputation of the Mont Pelerin Society ineternationale, the fact that not Popper, Eucken and Ludwig Erhard be listed on the side of the notable Members , but only the eight Nobel laureates in economics. Two years later leads

Ludwig Erhard in the coup, what will later be called "economic miracle" (Erhard: There are no wonder). On a Sunday afternoon announced by the then officials of the administration of the occupied by the Western Allied powers at the end of the forced economy. Lucius D. Clay accuses him the next day to have changed allied right hand, he says laconically. "I have abolished"

The end of the social market economy begins 1957 with the dynamic introduced by Erhard PAYG pension. And it starts with Germany's gradual decline. Does any event Gabor Steingart in his first book, "Germany, the descent of a superstar" in 2004. Finally coming to an end the neo-liberal era in Germany in 1967 with the adoption of the Stability and growth law by the large coalition. This cast in legal text is the Keynesian economic policy before now four objectives that were before it was adopted in almost all the beautiful regularity achieved. Then never: External balance, price stability, full employment and a balanced budget. Only the price stability has been achieved on a regular basis: the (neoliberal) monetarist policies of the independent Bundesbank.

Forty years later we have more than 5 million people out of work and around € 7 trillion national debt. The growth was in the past few decades so far behind the European average, that in the UK Spain or higher average incomes are achieved as in Germany.

The "de-privatization" of the major risks posed by the unfunded social security resulted in fact lead to a creeping expropriation in particular the middle and lower income groups who had to make on average about 60% of their earned income for tax and social security (including the "employer share") and thereby excluded from any private capital formation were because they needed the remaining money for living expenses. Of their income they are no longer themselves, but the democratically elected legislature, and all sorts of self-government institutions decided Board of Directors of the Federal Labour Office to the Television Council (the Council called on Russian Soviet way).

Today we live in a centrally planned economy with a focus on its Bürokratiemoloch and a declining market area except that financed the whole of its value. A further complication is that a significant portion of this market area because of the high cost pressure for what is commonly welfare state called, and a social budget of around € 700 billion (about half of gross domestic product) is either adopted abroad or in the underground economy.

Even the American expression of neo-liberalism can not imply any social indifference. You do not want a state, but less state than the Neo-Marxist dominated equilibrium theorists and socialists. Milton Friedman was about not only reduce the welfare bureaucracy and the negative income tax, which only calculates the tax office tax burden and is entitled to transfer payments and calls the difference or deposits. But also those who are unable to earn their income entirely self, for living in dignity.

is also the neoliberal school agree with the "globalization critics" means that a globally integrated economy needs rules. The key medium of "neoliberalism" The British Economist has published a wooden boat on desiccated soil, as the Doha round failed World Trade Organization to the developed countries to open their markets to agricultural products and the relevant subsidies not abolish particular on exports to the Third World did. Lost, those who are not involved in globalization. And the World Trade Organization appeared in the enemy to not at all. Why?

Who neoliberalism grounded as little known as Kurt Beck, has probably more than just an education gap. Who him as a "market radicalism" defamed, as Oskar Lafontaine knows best, not where he is talking about. From a small Number of great men, who have kept in a difficult time against the prevailing zeitgeist and spiritual greatness out their theories and research on its part, that we know today, how could we protect the freedom of the weak.

Beck, Lafontaine, summer, Bsirske and the rest of them let it be said: The opposite of freedom is slavery. The opposite of a competitive economy, the centrally planned economies, the opposite of a liberal constitutional state is a dictatorship and the opposite of private is the "de-privatization" as the economy Rürup something called. Who's polemic against neo-liberalism for the freedom of all people. As long as it is one, not the "socialism" will, must be forced to. Even if he stands alone, or constitutes a minority. Nothing in between.

Monday, June 11, 2007

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Large pockets

As the CEO of German development bank DEG was asked in the 80s at a reception in Africa, what he liked most in the black continent, he said, "The splendid tribal costumes and national costumes. With proudly took the numerous present potentates and dictators against the alleged praise, before the man pursues: They have so many pockets.

The output of the summit in Heiligendamm, yet full to bursting, without necessarily using the approved 44 billion € or $ 60 billion is a little better at some.

The liberal African economist James Shikwati makes so many years talked about that it calls for the cessation of all development assistance . Did he initially complained that the latter, where the resource rents are not enough to set up a corrupt regime, to fund lead just this dictatorship. And found that subsidized European agricultural goods - and because it is stupid as not only the Statlerschen chicken legs, but nationwide price dumping by European taxpayers' money - not to let its own market. Prohibitions do not belong the exports of European agricultural goods but subsidies for exports and the subsidizing of production. In their own interest. Subsidies and guaranteed purchase at fixed prices do in fact useful for the manufacturers over-production, because they know in advance that they get rid of every piece. In a market access system of the "pig cycle" would. As with the Turks at the corner of the purchased lots of vegetables to sell at the end of the day cheaper to obtain at least its cost price. Over-production, thanks to export subsidy also corrupts even in Africa, the prices would fail in other words.

Meanwhile, he is firmly in the FR , afford the west and China in a bizarre competition to buy with development funds conduct. So the Chinese people in Sudan generous alimony to get its oil reserves to keep the long term and generous in the Security Council to hand over the regime, meanwhile, can finish in peace his genocide in Darfur.

allowed the sweet poison of development assistance, the countries that refrain from establishing a functioning tax system, which enables them to revenue in its own right in the first place. There is no reason to develop a powerful marketing support, which would be to income and profits in a position to guarantee these taxes permanently Shikwati noted. Do we need new resources, we search for a donor in the developed world.

would in a free market environment, many tasks that are now financed through development assistance, performed by African companies and the market financed. However, this would limit the power of potentates and reduce the dependence of the people of the distributed donated.

who doubt the correctness of the hypotheses is the Kenyan, which was the report of a correspondent of the Economist recommended from this week, there did forty years of service at the time of the Declaration of Independence and is now visited the country again.

Infrastructure In comparison to the colonial period expired. The time for the trip from Nairobi to Mombasa has doubled because of the many potholes and poor road condition of the road from four to eight hours. The tribal feuds are not overcome. But corruption abound. Not even against the new government, which it awards otherwise good notes, some hosts. On the other hand, seem not to have had many successes because of the government, but despite it.

input he mentioned that two colors in each village economy are: the regional mobile operators, which mark the monotony of the prepaid shops. The farmer can now ask about the price of his bag onions before he used to a whole day to drive on the market. After the state has failed for forty years, creating an infrastructure for telephony, the private me anything you missed anything that caught up in forty years. White also Shikwati in the Frankfurter Rundschau, which is a remarkable special published on Africa at the G8 summit.

has already outlined in the eighties, the liberal economist Carl von Weizsacker Christan only one and a half pages, three innovations have increased as the consumer sovereignty: The refrigerator makes goods more durable, so you can buy more as the need for a day. The phone increases the ease and the radius of the information and the car improved coverage and service capacity. Improving the quality of life of the whole continent is still far away, where the population is still growing at a breathtaking pace, which inevitably leads to the slums of entire regions, where there is just now at least mobile, but no electricity. Shikwati points in FR out that in Kenya, the liberalization of the mobile market has led to an increase of 75%. Another indication that the problem is not globalization, but the de facto exclusion of an entire continent from the global division of labor. The

be organized not so flat be formulated as Statler in his amnüsanten chicken Hugo polemic, which provides a brilliant definition of globalization (reduction of transaction costs) and an incorrect assessment of the European price dumping on the African continent (a seeing chicken missed its day).

Michael Holmes makes on achgut.de attention to a different phenomenon, for that matter are the hypotheses of Attac and other "anti-globalization" is contrary to fundamental: development aid is organized collectively and democratically controlled. It operates under the rules of the plan and the command economy and not on the principle of human rights and Freedom of the individual. Collectively organized the responsibility and compliance with the previously set targets. Are all responsible for everything but no one is individually responsible if the targets are not achieved. That the quoted text next to it clears up a widespread misconception is an additional merit: it points out that the "poverty trap", the collective development of the World Bank or IMF to the state organization can do, do not exist: If the assumption is correct, only high income and the chance of capital accumulation on productivity growth could lead to growth, should the developed countries report a higher growth, than the poor nations. In fact, developing countries generally have higher growth than from the wealthy industrialized nations.

The current development aid has failed to make the countries of Africa fit for global competition. Just today, the FAZ reported that about Uganda in the biscuit production is ailing from lack of power. Development assistance is a modern indulgences with which we justify our foreclosure and the new protectionism, the only development opportunities of the emerging wg. wants to curtail climate change.

If we are serious about the fight for a just world, we would have our markets to products Open from Africa and eliminate our export subsidies immediately and our agricultural subsidies, at least gradually, to farmers in Europe to give a chance to orient themselves to, while in Africa the children continue to starve.

heard the collective development set. In their place could be a new "Marshall Plan" for Africa, are not encouraging the States, but individual companies and people directly. As with the Marshall Plan did not in the form of outright grants, but of guarantees and loans. Which, like the micro-credit idea the Nobel Prize winner Muhammad Yunus can be sufficient even to interest of 20%, the this country would be considered usury. A bicycle, which allows you to bring his crop to market, a cabinet that leads into a shop for range expansion and increases the durability of goods, a mobile phone with which you can find the current price for the harvested potatoes, a sewing machine be manufactured and sold with the clothes can, fertilizers, with the increase of the field can be increased, can be funded through micro-credit. The higher interest rate resulting from the processing fee, which would not be funded from a market rate, thus making the bench in the matter, even a profitable business.

The capital employed is growing and can be used again and again. It caused profits and income from which tax liability arises. With the taxes, the state can directly invest in infrastructure and increase productivity through a functioning power grid, roads intact and efficient urban transport. In addition, he is able to finance these tax revenues a proper judiciary and ensure the public safety with a functioning police. So a shoe out of it.

Sunday, June 3, 2007

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The thesis of the global interdependence of order ....

Walter Eucken's greatest merit is the thesis of the interdependence of the orders, which he in the thirties in the "Principles of Political Economy" just in the City put it, in which the avowed Catholic, and later by his post-post-successor to the resistance fighters ennobled Hans Filbinger from the National zeitgeist not escape could, although he later claimed to be in the vicinity of the moderately liberal circle around Eucken and Franz Böhm located at he should have at least studied.

Eucken makes even then concluded with the story of communism and socialism, and points to what should remain a good 60 years of ruthless reality in Europe. There are only two kinds of economic systems: a market economy in which the used knowledge of all participants maximum and the true competition in their coordination decisions. And a command economy, limited in the knowledge that the central planning commission is to take all decisions for the community.

This decision making requires the power to force economic agents and people to plan compliant behavior. Before they can about themselves and their property can not have and can not escape the violence of the central Planning Commission referral - for example by fleeing. Their freedom to dispose of their property freely, must be forcibly restricted as well as their professional freedom. You must then work out the central planning authority made it out. secured

In a market economy, the choice of the individual be. His freedom should be protected. Protection needs the freedom of the weak against the freedom of the strong. But it needs a rule that protects the freedom of the weak and ensure dignity.

be in a interdependent world economy, it is entitled to be to set this interdependence of systems everywhere and to guarantee freedom and human rights, away from the legal institution of the so-called international law, that the rulers of the 19th Century, once developed, in order to protect themselves from each other, not their people, they have sent love and again in the war.

The world economic order is not the G8 - peaks developed further, but at the World Trade Organization, where developed and developing countries are caught incidentally, completely equal to a table and make inter-states no legal binding agreements.

worthwhile to demonstrate there would. Because the process is in a tangible crisis. Developing countries are rightfully demanding that open the developed countries in agricultural markets, to stop their agricultural subsidies and to stop sending their subsidized surpluses as charitable gifts to Africa, where they make breaks for local farmers, the prices and prevent the much-needed advances in productivity.

Global interdependence the order means equal opportunities for all people. Human rights and freedom, not the guarantee of sovereignty of dictators and financed by development aid. Where market-based development, integration into the global economy and their own value is created, people need knowledge and education. You will be responsible citizens and to live in a democracy, and especially in a liberal constitutional state in which they decide. And not just any good guy in Rostock.